Understanding Glaucoma: Early Detection Can Save Sight
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Understanding Glaucoma: Early Detection Can Save Sight
Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it can gradually damage vision without any obvious warning signs. By the time symptoms appear, significant vision loss may have already occurred. Globally, millions of people are affected by glaucoma, making it one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. The good news is that with early detection and proper treatment, vision loss can often be prevented.
What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, the part of the eye responsible for carrying visual information to the brain. This damage is most often caused by increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure or IOP). However, glaucoma can also occur even when eye pressure is normal.
The two main types of glaucoma are:- Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common type, developing slowly over time.
- Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Less common but more severe, with a sudden rise in eye pressure that requires immediate treatment.
Early Signs and Symptoms
Glaucoma usually progresses without symptoms in its early stages. That’s why regular eye exams are critical. Still, some signs may include:
- Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
- Blurred vision or halos around lights
- Eye pain or redness (especially in acute cases)
- Sudden severe headache and nausea (in angle-closure glaucoma)
Why Early Detection Matters
Unlike some eye conditions, vision loss from glaucoma cannot be restored. But if detected early, treatments such as medicated eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery can help slow or stop its progression. Regular eye check-ups—especially for people over 40 or with a family history of glaucoma—are the best defense against this condition.
Who is at Risk?
Certain factors increase the risk of developing glaucoma:- Age over 40
- Family history of glaucoma
- Diabetes or hypertension
- Long-term use of steroids
- Previous eye injuries
Tips for Protecting Your Vision
- Schedule annual comprehensive eye exams, including eye pressure checks.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet.
- Control diabetes and blood pressure to reduce risk.
- Take prescribed medications consistently if diagnosed with glaucoma.
